This is a good crisp piece! Agreed that intent is the key factor. I wonder about your thoughts on a behavior that is arguably immoral to me, which is people claiming something as a fact that they should fact-check first.

Mike says to Zach "I sent you an email." Zach replies "I didn't get it." If the matter is important, should Zach check his spam folder before saying he didn't get it? There is some level of negligence here. If the consequences are serious for Mike, then for Zach to state something as true that he knows might turn out false if he did due diligence seems dishonest if not a lie. If Zach does not know whether he got it or not, then to say he does know could be construed as a lie in some narrow sense.